Helen A Ten Year War Essay Research free essay sample

Helen- A Ten Year War Essay, Research Paper Helen-A Ten Year War What is mythology? Harmonizing to James Harvey Stout, it is an organized aggregation of narratives by which we explain our beliefs in history. Myths normally confront major issues such as the beginning of humanity and its traditions. It is the manner in which the natural and human universes map on a cosmopolitan degree. Other myth narrate the divinities day-to-day activities their love personal businesss and pleasances, their green-eyed monsters and furies, their aspirations and strategies, and their wrangles and conflicts. Homer s Iliad is work of literature where this is good represented. An illustration of a character who represents this impression is, the one and merely, Helen. Helen is perceived as the most divine character in all literature, antediluvian or modern? At first glimpse we know she is a adult female, a adult female whose face launched a 1000 ships. We will write a custom essay sample on Helen A Ten Year War Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A whole war, one that lasted for 10 old ages, was fought over her. We know that she is made of flesh and blood, but yet she was immortal. However, in Homer s Iliad he produces negative attitude in respects to the manner Helen is viewed. Is this in fact the truth ; is this adult female the cause of the decease of 1000s and the devastation of Troy? Let us take a journey back to antediluvian Greece, with the hopes of uncovering the truth about this most controversial adult female. Helen of Sparta was a tantalising mystery, so we hear, from the beginning. She was the girl of Zeus and Leda, queen of Sparta. She was besides celebrated in the universe for her beauty and has been called the Lady of Sorrows. It appears that the narrative of Helen is more absorbing so the adult females herself. Ironically, we do non see her as a God herself, despite her immortality and being the girl of Zeus.The narrative concentrates more on the all who surround, as opposed to Helen herself. Helen was abducted by Paris and held prisoner in Troy. It was beca usage of Helen that a big ground forces sailed against that metropolis to demand the return of Helen to her hubby Menelaus. When Menelaus learned that Helen sailed away with Paris, he turned to his brother Agamemnon to garner an ground forces. An confederation was formed which sailed to Troy and demanded that Helen and the Spartan belongings be returned at one time. Equally good as being a prisoner, Helen is besides looked upon as the cause of the Trojan War. Therefore, the characters of the Iliad repeatedly refer toward Helen in a negative mode every clip her name is mentioned. It us ill-defined whether the war was over Helen or her legion ownerships and unsure whether Aphrodite forced Helen to go forth Paris. Although, most of the characters in the narrative incrimination Helen for the war, Menelaus sees her as a incapacitated victim. Priam, King of Troy, in seeing her as a victim every bit good, bends and blames the Gods. Helen in her act of self-pity incriminations herself and declinations bewraying her hubby. Hence the fact, if Aphrodite was seen as an abstract incarnation of passion, Helen s act was motivated by lecherousness and lust entirely. Homer represents Helen as a adult female who scorns her hubby, and hungrinesss for what she has left behind. Helen is viewed as a shame to herself and all of Hellas, who fights a ten-year conflict for an unvirtuous adult female who leaves her hubby for a alien. This is the ground she continues to expose self-consciousness about the dirt of her behaviour. Since virtuousness of Honor is the ideal, shame becomes her differentiation. As we return from our journey and reflect upon what we have learned of Helen, one can merely state that she is nil other than extraordinary adult female. Although, Homer portrays a negative image of this character, one can t assist conceive of that this person was at the of a war that necessarily affected all of Greece. One needs to inquire what ordinary adult female can hold this affect on an full state?

Transitive Verbs

Transitive Verbs Transitive Verbs Transitive Verbs By Maeve Maddox The grammatical term â€Å"transitive verb† occurs in numerous posts on this site, usually with a reminder of what it means, but perhaps a dedicated post will be useful to readers who remain shaky on the concept. Note: To keep this post focused on the concept of transitive verbs and their direct objects, I am not going to mention terms that apply to other kinds of objects or verbs. The prefix trans occurs in many English words. It’s from Latin transire, a combination of the Latin preposition trans, â€Å"across† and the infinitive ire, â€Å"to go.† English words beginning with trans usually have something to do with moving something â€Å"across† to something or someone else. For example: transatlantic: passing or extending across the Atlantic Ocean. transcribe: to make a copy of something in writing; to copy out from an original, i.e., move the original writing â€Å"across† to another place. transfuse: to pour a liquid from one vessel or receptacle into another. In the case of blood, cause to flow from the donor or bag â€Å"across† to the recipient. The trans in â€Å"transitive verb† indicates that the action of an action verb carries across to a receiver of the action. The receiver that receives the action of a transitive verb is called its â€Å"direct object.† The dog bit the intruder. (Bit is an action verb. Intruder receives the action.) The batter hit the ball out of the park. (Hit is an action verb. Ball receives the action.) A flock of sheep halted traffic from here to the highway. (Halted is an action verb. Traffic receives the action.) Here’s how to decide if an action verb is transitive: First, identify the main action verb in the sentence. For example, in the first sentence, the main verb is bit. Then, ask the question, â€Å"Bit what?† The answer to â€Å"what?† will be the direct object: intruder. Not all action verbs are transitive. For example, the action verb kick may or may not have a receiver. For example, compare these sentences: 1. The girl kicked the football over the goal. 2. The baby kicked furiously in the bath. In the first sentence, when you ask â€Å"kicked what?† you find the answer â€Å"football.† In this sentence, kicked is a transitive verb because the action of kicking is received by the football. Football is the direct object of kicked. In the second sentence, when you ask â€Å"kicked what?† you do not find an answer to the question. The action does not travel across to any receiver. There is no direct object. In the second sentence, kicked is not transitive. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous25 Idioms with Clean

Real Life Research Action Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Real Life Research Action - Assignment Example PART 1 With respect to the first scholar, i.e. Dr Briseno one of the vital topic that the leader has discussed is the importance of facts. In this regard, the importance of qualitative data has been mentioned. Additionally, the leader has also mentioned the ways technology has been accepted in data recording as well as interpretation and also for the results to be shared with major schools in the district from a futuristic point of view to conduct research studies. He also suggested that division of the best child within the campus can also help in motivating others’ child. One of the vital suggestions that the leader has described thereafter emphasises the need of studying more and more on the research topic as it would help in understanding the importance and the different aspects that would make the research more effective. The leader here tries to explain how maintaining a proper set of data can help in analysing the present situation with the past. It is also worth mentio ning that an effective research can only be conducted when elaborated and rigorous studies are conducted before finalizing the outcome. With respect to the details provided by the second scholar, Dr. Lewis, one of the vital aspects that he discussed concentrated on the importance of recording data. The leader has tried to explain how data stored helps in ensuring the performance of any individual. Additionally, Dr. Lewis has also stated the importance of detailed, formal procedure to be followed while conducting a research. One of the vital suggestions given by Dr. Lewis in this context advocated that although formal and detailed procedure is needed to be followed while conducting a research, the final result should be published in such a way, which will permit easy and appropriate interpretation of the purpose of the research to the reader. The leader also stressed on the fact that evaluating the findings obtained through past researched when conducting a new study shall be quite b eneficial in deriving a generalised understanding regarding the issue in concern. PART 2 1. Staff development: With the advent of modern techniques and theories in a working environment, it is not only businesses that are involving their employees while making vital decisions but academic centres are also adapting new techniques to develop the qualities of their staff members with a vision to gain efficiency in making effective decisions for the overall benefit of the campus. It has been viewed that today’s schools are more focused on Career and Technical Education (CTE). CTE mainly focuses on developing the technical skills of an individual. In this context, it can be stated that teachers and their qualifications are considered to be a vital element in the success of a school to deliver effective knowledge on CTE to the students. Therefore, developing their skills would help in establishing a coordinated relation amid their pupils resulting in better achievements of the stud ents (Dana 32-34). 2. Curriculum development: Curriculum is considered to be an organized planning of the facets to be taught in a school within a calendar year or a specific tenure. Curriculum development is considered to be a vital step of any academic centre as it guides the teachers in assisting the students to learn in the most convenient way, so that the process yields a guaranteed positive return. In this context, the academic centre can design, develop, implement, monitor and evaluate the various factors that can help in

What is the pH of Soil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is the pH of Soil - Essay Example This is determined on a pH scale that ranges from 0 to 14. A substance with pH nearing the scale’s lower end is considered very acidic while those on the upper range would be considered basic or alkaline. The neutral on the scale is at ph 7. Pure rainwater has pH of 5.6 or thereabout, but it changes when it enters the soil depending on the soil’s chemical characteristics. Nutrients such as phosphorous and calcium are more soluble in slight acidity. In this experiment, the objective is to determine the pH of soil sample provided. Just as is the case with rain water, these nutrients can be dissolved in distilled water. When litmus paper is immersed in the clear solution after the soil settles down, acidic soil with pH less than 7 will cause blue litmus paper to turn red while basic soil with pH greater than 7 will cause red litmus paper to turn blue. Neutral soil will have no effect on both red and blue litmus papers. It is crucial to know the pH of soil as crops grow best within a narrow range of pH varying from one crop to another. For example, blueberries grow best at pH 5.5 or lower while potatoes do best at 5.5 to 6.0. The 5.5 to 7.5 range is favorable because it accommodates microorganisms which are important in breaking down organic matter and also provides the necessary condition for nutrient availability (Conklin

International Corrections Profile Research Paper

International Corrections Profile - Research Paper Example More often than not, the use of corrections centers is aimed at isolating the perpetrators for some time while they undergo rehabilitation depending on the severity of the crime committed. However, there are issues of capital punishment; where people are sentenced to death usually as a result of committing murder in the first degree i.e. the culprit committed premeditated murder and the sentence is often life sentence or a death sentence depending on the country in question. In such a situation, the handing of such a ruling is meant to send an unequivocal message to the rest of the society of the kind of punishment they could get if they committed similar crimes thereby deterring them from trying to commit any similar crimes (Ogalthorpe et al, 2006). This paper seeks to highlight the general correctional profile of Canada. The critique is set to establish the justification of the presence of correctional facilities, what type of correctional facilities do exist, who frequents these k inds of correctional facilities and for what reasons and for how long. Further, the paper shall highlight the policies that support the presence of these correctional facilities and what policies require reform as far as Canada is concerned. Correctional facilities do not exist in isolation but come into existence because they are enabled by the presence of a codified law against which crime is defined. Absence of law means there would be no crime and if there is no crime then there are no correctional facilities of any kind. The aims of a codified law vary from state to state. There are two types of laws: civil law and criminal law. Criminal law determines the general criminal justice of a given country. In civil law, individual citizens get to settle their differences in court where one is the plaintiff and the other the accused. Prosecution is therefore done by one party as the other party awaits ruling.

The Bitumen Stabilised Materials Engineering Essay

The Bitumen Stabilised Materials Engineering Essay The following section looks at what bitumen satbilised materials are and how they are implemented in construction. As many aspects of bitumen emulsion and foamed bitumen overlap this section looks at them both together, which sub-sections outlining the differences between the methods. Introduction Bitumen Stabilised materials Bitumen stabilized materials are materials which have been treated with either bitumen emulsion or foamed bitumen. When adding either type of bitumen the quantity of bitumen should not exceed more than 3% of the total mass of the dry aggregate, as this would mean it is more than a stabilizing agent. Furthermore in many situations an active filler in the form of cement or hydrated lime can also be added to the mix. If it is added however it should not exceed more than 1% of the bitumen stabilizer added. If it does the materials is considered to be cement treated. It is also important to note that this stabilisation agent does not the material into solid asphalt like material. In undergoing this treatment the material will remain in a granular state similar to how it was before stabilisation. It is only its behavioral characteristics which will change. The material will experience an increase in material strength and a reduction in moisture susceptibility as a result of the manner in which the bitumen is dispersed amongst the finer aggregate particles. The fact that the material will remain in a granular state means that this treatment method is dramatically different from all other pavement materials. The dispersed bitumen changes the shear properties of the material by significantly increasing the cohesion value whilst causing little change to the internal friction angle of the material. It will also have a void content similar to that of a granular layer, not like and asphalt. Bitumen Emulsion As the name suggest in this process bitumen is emulsified in water. This means that bitumen is dispersed in water, with the knowledge that they will not mix; due to the fact an emulsifying agent is used. The emulsifying agent will also give the bitumen emulsion a charge, making the bitumen emulsion either cationic or anionic. This mixture is then added to the aggregate which will make up a part of the pavement structure. As the bitumen droplets are charged, they will be attracted to the aggregate particles. In attraction they will be drawn to the smaller particles as they have the greatest surface area and charge concentration features. For these reasons the type and moisture of the aggregate in the mix is crucial in efficiently dispersing the bitumen emulsion and preventing premature separation of the bitumen from the water during mixing. Once it has been mixed the separation of the water from the bitumen needs to occur. This will allow the bitumen to act as a binder. This separation should only occur after the material has been fully compacted. The mixing process involved with Bitumen Emulsion occurs offsite in a manufacturing plant. Here it is can be stored for several months. The diagram below shows a simplified version of the manufacturing process. Foamed Bitumen To produce foamed bitumen water is injected into hot bitumen, which results in instant foaming of the bitumen. In the foaming process the hot bitumen is turned into vapour, which is trapped in thousands of tiny bitumen bubbles. These bubbles dissipate in less than a minute. When the bubbles burst they form tiny bitumen particles. These spread throughout the aggregate attaching themselves to the finer particles of the aggregate mixture. When the aggregate is compacted, the bitumen covered particles are pressed against the larger particles in the aggregate. As a resultant of this localized non-continuous bonds are formed, like spot welds. Behaviour As the material treated with bitumen will remain in an unbound state, it will act similar to the original material. The only difference will be an improved cohesive strength and reduced moisture sensitivity, which are both favorable outcomes. This is because the bitumen only disperses amongst the finer particles, which forms a bitumen-rich mortar between the coarse particles. This also means that opposite to the common misconception that the material will become black and sticky like a hot-mix asphalt. The material will only slightly darken in colour. Through numerous tests around the world of bitumen stabilized pavements a number of initial observations on how the pavement will behave have been made. The following behaviours have been assumed. Materials treated with either bitumen methods will experience an increase in cohesion. The friction angle of the treated material will remain similar to the untreated material. They obtain flexural strength. Which will mean the pavement is less likely to crack when subjected to tensile stresses. Moisture sensitivity and durability are improved. This is due to the fact the finer particles are encapsulated and immobilized blocking flow channels. The most common mode of failure is permanent deformation. All these behaviors will depend on the following: The local climate (Temperature, Average rainfall, likeliness of frost or snow) The properties of the parent material The density of the layer The quantity of binder added The use of any active fillers The properties of the supporting material It is important to note here that BSMs behave very different to asphalt and cement treated materials. Benefits There are a number of benefits associated with using BSMs. These include: Increased strength The ability to replace higher quality materials, meaning a cost saving Improved durability Improved moisture sensitivity Can provide cost and time savings Typical failure mode is permanent deformation, which requires less effort to rehabilitate when compared to a material that will fail due to full-depth cracking They are not temperature sensitive If the road requires rehabilitation BSMs propose little treat to the environment They are not overly sensitive, meaning the amount of bitumen added can vary slightly The process does not require heavy construction traffic. This limits the damage cause to newly constructed layers during construction Limitations When considering whether to use BSMs or not there are three main limitations. These should be carefully considered when making the decision to use BSMs. The three limitations are; Economics Bitumen treatment can add significant costs to a project. Its use of lower caterogory roads should be carefully examined as it could not be worth it. Design Expertise as they are currently been developed and act differently from all other pavement materials careful design is required. Construction Expertise the construction process requires attention to detail. This means special training of the work force is required. Along with this limitations the both bitumen emulsion and foamed bitumen have their own disadvantages Bitumen Emulsion With bitumen emulsion come the following disadvantages By adding the water present in the emulsion process, the original material may go over its optimum water content. This will mean the material cannot be compacted properly. A quick setting time is required allow the material to gain sufficient strength the construction process must be completed with care. If the bitumen breaks prematurely it will not mix properly. If the material is to stable it can take months for the bitumen to break Foamed Bitumen With foamed bitumen come the following disadvantages it requires sufficient fines. They required to ensure the bitumen mixes thoroughly. Foaming equipment needs to be up kept and be in correct working order. The foamed bitumen needs to be sprayed in uniform, consistent manner. The process requires specialist equipment, as the two liquid are not compatible. Materials Suitable for treatment For bitumen stabilisation to work a suitable material must be selected. First of all the material must be granular. For this reason materials that are suitable for treatment include; Crushed rock Previously untreated natural gravels, such as basalt, granite, limestone, quartz, sandstone Reclaimed asphalt It can also be said that calcrete gravels can be used for bitumen emulsion; however it will not work with foamed bitumen. Design Approach Design Sequence The first step in a typical design for a BSM involves an investigation of the conditions. This includes expected traffic volumes, the materials available, the climate and the pavement structure for recycling projects. Once this has been done a laboratory investigation of the proposed material takes place. This involves determining the materials class. The next step is to design the mix and make the final material classification. Once all of these steps are completed the structural design is completed. In this design if it is shown that the road is not economically viable the mix design will be redone and the steps repeated. Shown below is a flow chart of the steps involved. Mix Design In using a stabilizer it is important that the stabilizer meets its intended purpose. The process of design the mix will be mainly dependent of the design traffic, the material available and the cost considerations. However n creating a mix design it is also important to consider the following; The primary failure mode this will define the materials performance requirements. Appropriate laboratory tests tests need to be selected that will identify the key performance criteria and failure mechanisms. Identifying key mix properties and intrinsic material properties. Taking into account variability in material properties Environmental factors Climate and moisture conditions. The ability to effectively compact the material. In designing the mix it is important to note that optimum bitumen content is not always selected for the mix design. This is because although the optimum bitumen content will provide the maximum material strength, this will mean other characteristics are forfeited. For example a high strength design will often lead to brittle inflexible pavement layers that are susceptible to cracking. In designing the mix it is important that the design is balance so that it will be suitable to it requirements. Classification of BSMs Currently South Africa has divided Bitumen Stabilised Materials into three classes. These classes are dependent on the quality of the original material and the design traffic. The three classes include: BSM1 The parent material has a high shear strength, and is normally the base layer for large volumes of traffic. Source materials include well graded crushed rock or reclaimed asphalt. BSM2 The parent material has a moderately high shear strength and is normally the base layer for moderate traffic loads. Source materials include graded natural gravel of reclaimed asphalt. BSM3 The parent material is soil-gravel and/or sand, stabilized with higher bitumen contents. It is a base layer that can only handle low traffic volumes. It is thought that Australia will have a classification system similar to this. Mix design BSMs behave in a very complex manner, which gives engineers a great flexibility when it comes to designing a mix that will best meet the design conditions. The mix is made up of aggregate, bitumen and sometimes an active filler where required. In design the mix there are two fundamental failure mechanisms that need to be designed for in the mix these are; Permanent Deformation This is dependent on the materials shear properties as it is caused by the accumulation of shear stresses. Resistance to permanent deformation as known as rutting is improved by: Improved aggregate angularity shape, hardness and roughness Increased maximum particle size Improved compaction Reduced moisture content Addition of limited amounts of bitumen Addition of an active filler Moisture Susceptibility this is the damage caused by the exposure of a BSM to high moisture contents and pore-pressures caused by traffic. This then means a loss of adhesion between the bitumen and the aggregate. Due to water been involved in the mixing stage and the partially coated nature of the aggregate makes moisture susceptibility an important consideration in the evaluation of material performance. Moisture resistance is improved by Increased bitumen content Addition of an active filler Improved compaction Smooth continuous grading It is interesting to note here the difference in recommended bitumen content. To help prevent deformation limited amounts of bitumen are recommended. However to improve moister resistance increased bitumen contents are recommend. This means that a compromise must be made, by using the laboratory testing to determine a bitumen content which will meet the demands of the design. Mix type selection As stated in sectionXX the three main factors the influence the type of BSM used are: The design traffic The quality of aggregate available The cost Once the type of BSM has been selected there are three main factors that affect the bitumen and active filler selection for the mix design; Traffic design (volumes and loadings) Climate (particularly moisture considerations) Supporting layers (strength) The influence these factors have is demonstrated in the following figure. As it can be seen heavy traffic loads, a wet climate and weak supporting layers all mean an increased amount of bitumen is required to ensure design requirements are meet. Mix Design Procedure To create the best design mix possible several procedural steps need to be done. This ensures that that every criteria is meet, as there are numerous variables that need to be checked. The first step of the mix design is to test the material which will be treated. This is done to ensure that the material is appropriate for testing. These tests include standard laboratory tests to determine the materials grading curve, moister, density and Atterberg limits. The next tests which are undertaken are the level 1 mix design tests. These provide an indication of the application rate of bitumen and active filler required to achieve an indicated class of BSM. Level 1 starts with the preparation of samples that will be used to manufacture the specimens required for all levels of mix design testings. testing at this level involves preparing 100mm diameter specimens which are compacted and cured for the purpose of undergoing Indirect Tensile Strength testing. These testing results are used to: Indentify the preferred bitumen stabilizing agent Determine the optimum bitumen content Identify if there is a need for an active filler and its type Tests after level 1 are done depending on the design traffic. The first of these are Level 2 mix design tests. The test at this level involves making a sample which is 150mm in diameter and 127mm in length. These are manufactured using vibratory compaction and then cured at the equilibrium moisture content. This sample then undergoes Indirect Tensile Strength to optimize the required bitumen content. The level 3 mix design test is only recommended for high capacity roads. This test involves preparing 150mm diameter by 300mm in length specimens, which allows for a higher level of confidence. It then undergoes the same Indirect Tensile Strength test. Mix Constituents Aggregate A wide range of mineral aggregates are suit for use with both types of bitumen treatment. These include aggregates ranging from sands to weathered gravels to crushed stone and can either be virgin or recycled. These must however fall into certain quality standards to ensure the road will be at it required class. When examining a material its following properties will be checked: Durability characteristics of the untreated aggregate Plasticity Grading Spatial composition Weathering characteristics Aggregate source The aggregate used can come from three different sources, Virgin Aggregate, Recycled Granular Layers and Reclaimed Asphalt Quality of Aggregate In using bitumen to stabilize the material it is possible to use a poorer quality of aggregate. For virgin aggregates four tests are used to identify material limits. Soacked CBR Grading completing a grading will identify any deficiencies in the material Percentage passing through the 0.075mm sieve higher fines contents mean a higher need for bitumen Plasticity Index for bitumen emulsion the materials PI should be less than 7. For foamed bitumen the materials PI should be less than 10. Materials with a high PI can be treated with lime. For recycled granular layers the materials quality will depend on: The structure of the existing pavement Construction variability Depth of recycling Age of the pavement Degree of patching and repair on the existing pavement Thickness and nature of old surfacing seals. Using reclaimed asphalt needs serious consideration as some material may not meet the quality standards required. This is particular important on highly used roads, where traffic loads are going to be large. When deciding whether the quality of the reclaimed asphalt will meet standards, the following needs to be considered. Climatic region if the material is going to be placed in a warm climate, shear tests must be carried out to represent that climate Axle loads high stresses will result in accelerated deformation of the road. This means that if the road is to carry heavy traffic its shear properties will need to be carefully considered Reclaimed Asphalt Composition if needed crusher dust can be added to the mix. This will provide an angular skeleton that will improve the mixes shear resistance. Grading The grading requirements for both types of bitumen stabilisation is different. This is due to the fact that the bitumen will disperse differently. The graph and table below give an indication of the grading required for each type of stabilisation. XXXXXX Bitumen Emulsion As the above table shows a minimum filler content of 2% is required. This is because the bitumen emulsion will coat the large particles of the aggregate better than the foamed bitumen. Foamed bitumen Foamed bitumen requires more filler; approximately 5% filler content is required. This is because the bitumen droplets disperse through the material, only partially coating the large particles. It uses the filler to create a spot welds connecting the larger particles using the fines. Bitumen Selection The bitumen selected plays an important part in how well the BSM works. Penetration grade bitumen is used to produce both bitumen emulsion and foamed bitumen. In the next two sections the specific bitumen requirements for each form of stabilisation is given below. Bitumen Emulsion For bitumen emulsion base bitumens with a penetration value between 80 and 100 are normally selected. In saying this around the world softer and harder grades of bitumen have successfully been used. In recent years there have been many technological advances which have allowed the bitumen emulsion to have improved stability without prolonging the break time. However sufficient testing of the bitumen mix needs to take place both in the mix design phase and during construction trials. This will ensure the correct bitumen has been chosen. Another important consideration is the compatibility of the bitumen emulsion and the aggregate. This is because the type of bitumen chosen is influenced by the type of aggregate been treated. Certain materials are not suitable for catatonic treatment and others are not suitable for anionic treatment. The table below gives an indication of the compatibility of the emulsion with a aggregate. Aggregate Type Compatible with Cationic Emulsion Anionic Emulsion Dolerite Yes Yes Quartzite Yes No Hornfels/Greywacke Yes Yes Dolomite Yes Yes Granite Yes No Tillite Yes Variable Basalt Yes Yes Syenite Yes No Amphilbolite Yes Yes Marble Yes Yes Rhyolite Yes No Felsite Yes No Sandstone Yes No Andesite Yes Yes Furthermore it is normally recommended that the undiluted bitumen emulsion is heated to between 50 and 60Â °C. This will prevent premature breaking of the bitumen emulsion while pumping in the construction equipment. It is also important to note here that when diluting the emulsion the emulsion must be added to the water. This will prevent premature breaking. Foamed Bitumen When it comes to foamed bitumen a softer grade of bitumen can be used without compromising stability. This is because foamed bitumen only requires low percentages of bitumen in the mix. However like bitumen emulsion typical penetration values are between 80 and 100. Harder bitumen is normally avoided due to the poor quality of foam it produces. There are two main properties that determine the suitability of the bitumen for foamed bitumen stabilisation. These are its Expansion Ratio and its Half-Life. The expansion raito is a measure of the viscosity of the foam. This is what determines how well the bitumen will disperse through the mix. It is calculated by finding the ratio between the maximum volume of foam in relationship to the original volume of bitumen. The half-life is a measure of the stability of the foam and provides an indication of the rate of collapse of the foam during mixing. It can be calculated by determining the time it takes for the foam to collapse to half its maximum volume. The table below shows the minum limits of the expansion ratio and the half-life of the bitumen. XXX The greatest factor which will influencing the foam properties is the water injected into the expansion chamber. A greater injection of water will mean a higher expansion ratio, but this is offset by the fact it will mean a short half-life as the foam will subsided faster. Furthermore a higher bitumen temperature is usually recommended as it will create a better quality foam. Active Filler There are two types of fillers which can be used to improve the results of bitumen stabilisation; these are active and natural fillers. An active filler is a filler which will chemically alter the mix properties. There are various active fillers which can be used, examples of these are cement hydrated lime and fly ash. Natural fillers are fillers such as rock flour. These fillers can be used either by themselves or in a combination with another filler. Their use will depend on their cost, efficacy during use and the materials availability. Research has shown that it is almost impossible to predict the effectiveness of a filler. The only way to gain an idea of their effect is to complete experiments using different mixes. Active fillers are added to the bitumen in order to; Increase the stiffness of the mix Increase the rate at which the mix will gain strength Improve the dispersion of bitumen in the mix Improve adhesion between the bitumen and the aggregate Improve the curing time of the compaction mix Along with these general improvements, there are specific benefits for both treatments. For Bitumen Emulsion a filler will: Control the breaking time of the emulsion Improve the workability of the emulsion For Foamed Bitumen a filler will: Assist in dispersing the bitumen droplets Natural fillers on the other hand only act as a supplement for a lack of fines in the material which is needed for dispersion. It is important to note that when adding an active filler the time between the bitumen is mixed and it application is dramatically reduced. When an active filler is added the reaction begings immediately when it comes into contact with moist material. The longer the delay between mixing and application the less the filler will work. Water To ensure a high quality product it is important that the water used in mixing meets certain standards. Each technique requires different water qualities. Bitumen Emulsion For bitumen emulsion the pH levels of the water are extremely important. For cationic bitumen the water cannot be alkaline. If it is hydrochloric acid can be used to decrease the waters pH. For anionic bitumen emulsion the opposite applies, the water cannot be too acidic. To make the water more alkaline lime or caustic soda can be added to the water. Foamed Bitumen The standards for foamed bitumen arent as high as they are for bitumen emulsion. It is acceptable for the water used to contain some impurities, however this should be avoided. This is because the water can affect the mixing machinery. Specimen Preparation Moisture Moisture plays an important part in using bitumen to stabilize material. The role that moisture plays in the two types of BSM is explained in the table below. Component Bitumen Emulsion Foamed Bitumen Bitumen Contributes to fluids for compaction Does not effect Moisture in aggregate Reduces absorption of bitumen emulsion water into aggregate Separates and suspends the fines making them available to bitumen during mixing Prevents premature breaking Acts as a carrier for bitumen droplets during mixing Extends curing time and reduces early strength Reduces early strength Provides workability at ambient temperatures Reduces friction angle and lubricates for compaction Provides shelf-life for the mix The term for the best moisture content in the material is the optimum mixing moisture content or OMMC. It is important to note that for bitumen emulsion this moisture value is the moisture in the aggregate plus the moisture from the emulsion. The introduction of modern rollers has allowed for high energy compaction. In the case of BSM this means a lower fluid content can be used to produce the same quality of compaction. This has the added benefit of increasing the strength of the BSM. Material Preparation Below is the basic procedure for the material preparation involved in the mixing design. Determine the grading curve of the aggregate and its optimum moisture content of the natural material Determine the materials Atterberg Limits Determine the moisture and density relationship of natural material to obtain optimum moisture content Determine the moisture and density relationship of the treated material to obtain optimum moisture content Determine the moisture and density relationship using vibratory hammer compaction to obtain optimum moisture content Mixing It is recommended that a pugmill mixer is used in both mixes. The use of different mixers can produce up to a 25% difference in strength. Experiments have found that the pugmill mixer provides the most comprehensive mix. Compaction Correct compaction of the material is extremely important as it reduces the voids and improves particle contact. The use of bitumen emulsion will help improve the compatibility of the mix, while the use of foamed bitumen will promote the adhesion of the bitumen mastic to the stone. Curing Curing is the process where the water is removed from the compacted layer. Water can be removed from either evaporation, particle charge repulsion and pore-pressure induced flow paths. The reduction in moisture content will lead to an increased tensile and compressive strength as well as add stiffness to the mix. The curing process is different for both methods Bitumen Emulsion It is chemistry that controls the way bitumen emulsion treated material cures. By removing the water from the mix breaking of the emulsion occurs. To do this the water is removed by means of evaporation and migration. This curing will take longer than foamed bitumen curing, due to the higher moisture contents. Foamed Bitumen The curing of the foamed bitumen is a natural process. It is cured through the migration of water during compaction and continues as the water is evaporated. Testing There are two main tests which are used to check the various mix designs, they are the Indirect Tensile Strength test and a Triaxial Test Indirect Tensile Strength This test is completed to measure the flexibility of the material and give an indication of its tensile strength. The table below gives a guide for interpreting the results of the test. Test Specimen Diameter (mm) BSM1 BSM2 BSM3 Purpose ITSdry (kPa) 100 >225 175-225 125-175 Indicates optimum bitumen content ITSwet (kPa) 100 >100 75-100 50-75 Indicates need for active filler ITSequil (kPa) 150 >175 135-175 95-135 Optimise bitumen content ITSsoaked (kPa) 150 >150 100-150 60-100 Check value on ITSwet Triaxial Test This test is completed to meause the cohesion of the material, the friction angle and the retained cohesion. The table below gives a guide for interpreting the results of the test. Test or Indicator BSM1 BSM2 BSM3 Cohesion (kPa) >250 100-250 50-100 Friction Angle (Â °) >40 30-40 Retained cohesion (MIST) >75 60-75 50-60 Structural Design As discussed in Section XX the structural layers purpose is to protect the subgrade by dispersing the traffic loads. This means that the pavement structure and subgrade must work together to ensure the required design capacity. Construction For both stabilizing methods once the material has been mixed into the material, the various construction operations are relavitivily the same as those if the material wasnt treat

Personal Narrative- Meeting God through Strangers :: Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Meeting God through Strangers Meeting strangers can often times be awkward, but there are other moments when, if given, a stranger can transform your life. The time frame was approximately six years ago and I was working as a photographer for Sears Portrait Studio. As the photographer, I was always meeting new and interesting people. My job was fairly predictable in that we primarily photographed children; except for one day when that would all change. I was working at the front counter when an older couple approached. Their disposition was gentle and soft. They wanted to know if we were photographing that particular day. I said, "Indeed, we were." I might mention that this couple was so polite in asking that I was a bit caught off guard. I told them we could get them in immediately if they were ready. The lady mentioned that all she needed to do was add a touch of lipstick, fix her husband's tie, and they could be ready. The wife made sure to explain that the portraits would be for their 35th wedding anniversary. They both followed me in to the sitting room as I began to take a few poses. After doing so, I started to notice something peculiar about the couple. I was not a Christian at that time, so all I really noticed is that they weren't like everyone else I encountered. I was in a difficult relationship myself, and after seeing their interaction with one another, it spurred me to ask them a question. I said, "I don't mean to pry, but I was noticing something about you both that seems unique; I was curious what makes your relationship work?" The woman paused for a moment and pondered my question. After a moment she replied with sheer confidence, "God." He was what made their relationship work. I took a few steps back. This was not the answer I was expecting. We continued with the sitting and I met them out front to finish up the sale. I told them that "it was nice to meet both of them and I appreciated their advice." But, before I got that full sentence out, the lady reached out and embraced me. I knew at that moment, God had a hold of me and that he was using this couple as a vehicle to my salvation. These "strangers" are my family today.

Immanuel Kant S Moral Theory Essay

Although Kant’s moral theory makes many great points about fairness and equality, the negatives of the theory outweigh the positives. Kant’s moral theory would never be able to function in today’s society. His theory is based solely on always fulfilling your moral duty. Which would be impossible since once someone told a lie or showed emotion everything would fall apart. Due to the fact that everyone wouldn’t trust anyone anymore which wouldn’t end up well. Deontology is defined as the theory of duty. Kant’s moral theory can be categorized as a deontological theory, due to his belief that you have a moral duty to fulfill (Kant 114). Kant believes that all people have intrinsic or inherent value. Which in simple terms mean that we as human beings are held to a higher standard; to know what is right and wrong (Kant 114). Kant states that there are only two principles for an action to be morally right. First, you must have done the action out of the motivation of good will. Kant defines good will as â€Å"To act out of duty, out of a concern and respect for the moral law†(Kant 114). Good will plays a very important role on assessing the moral worth of an action. Kant explains that you can’t just have good will for an action but also you must do the right thing. So without good will you couldn’t determine any action morally right. The second principle is that the action must conform to moral law. If you follow these two Blezien 3 principles the outcome being good or bad is not your responsibility (Kant 113). Moral law is universal and is determined by categorical imperatives. The use of categorical imperatives plays a big role in Kant’s overall moral theory. The first categorical imperative formulation is â€Å" Act only on that maxim that you can will as a universal law† (Kant 116). This categorical imperative applies to everyone and focuses on your thought process before you act on something. You must ask yourself is what I’m about to do something I can approve of others doing on the regular? If you can’t approve of others committing the same act then your action wouldn’t pass the categorical imperative test. Kant’s second formulation is â€Å" Always treat humanity, whether in your own person or that of another, never simply as a means but always at the same time as an end† (Kant 117). The second categorical imperative applies to your individual self and everyone else. This imperative focuses on how you should always acknowledge everyone’s value and existence. There is never a time where you should use someone or let someone use you. My first time reading about Kant’s moral theory I thought there were only weaknesses. After I spent more time analyzing the theory, I found that there are both strengths and weaknesses. A strength that I found was how Kant really expressed that everyone is to be treated equally. Kant says that since all humans are rational beings that we are all capable of respecting others. This is a strength because with everyone using their moral obligation to treat each other equally things would be a lot easier. People would not only consider themselves before acting on something but they would have to make sure they are Blezien 3 considering the moral thing to do. If this idea of equality were universal and followed by everyone; there would be a lot less violence, depression, and racial tension. Which would leave everyone overall satisfied since everybody is following the moral law. A critical weakness I found in Kant’s moral theory is that he says there is a right and wrong for everything. This is a weakness because; there are many examples where using good will isn’t the best answer. For example when I read that Kant suggested that if a killer comes to your house; and asked where your friend is to kill him you must tell the truth. That seems a little extreme and I have to disagree that would be the best thing to do. Your emotions would sure be going crazy which already makes your answer morally wrong according to Kant. He needs to know where to draw the line and shouldn’t be only on one side. In this paper I have described the basic principles of Kant’s moral theory. I have learned that without having a good will you can never be morally right according to Kant. His categorical imperatives show a lot of fairness and equality, but when it comes down something simple like lying to someone who wants to kill your friend to save your friends life you’re not morally correct. Overall, Kant’s moral theory was very interesting to study how philosophers thought back then. I wonder what Kant would think if he knew how much we let our emotions affect our decisions.

How to Make a Desiccant Container

How to Make a Desiccant Container A desiccator or desiccant container is a chamber that removes water from chemicals or items. It is extremely easy to make a desiccator yourself using materials you probably have on hand. Have you ever wondered why so many products come with little packets that say Do Not Eat? The packets contain  silica gel beads, which absorb water vapor and keep the product dry. Including packets in packaging is an easy way of preventing mold and mildew from taking their toll. Other items would absorb water unevenly (e.g., parts of a wooden musical instrument), causing them to warp. You can use the silica packets or another desiccant to keep special items dry or to keep water from hydrating chemicals. All you need is a hygroscopic (water-absorbing) chemical and a way to seal your container. Key Takeaways: How to Make a Desiccator A desiccator is a container used to maintain a low-humidity environment.Dessicators are simple to make. Basically, a dry desiccant chemical is sealed within a closed container. Objects stored within the container will not become damaged from moisture or humidity. To some extent, a desiccator can absorb water already stored within an object.Many desiccants are available, but they vary widely in terms of safety and cost. The safest chemicals to use include silica gel beads, calcium chloride, and activated charcoal.Desiccant chemicals can be recharged by heating in order to drive off the water. Common Desiccant Chemicals Silica gel is the most widely available desiccant, but other compounds work, too. These include: Silica gel (the beads in those little packets)Sodium hydroxide (sometimes sold as a solid drain cleaner)Calcium chloride (sold as a solid laundry bleach or a road salt)Activated charcoalCalcium sulfate (gypsum or plaster of Paris)ZeoliteRice However, some of these chemicals are more effective and safer than others. Rice, for example, is extremely safe. It is often added to salt shakers as a desiccant to prevent water absorption, allowing the seasoning to flow through the shaker. Yet, rice has a limited ability to absorb water. Sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride are extremely effective, but sodium hydroxide is a caustic compound capable of producing chemical burns. Both sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride eventually dissolve in the water they absorb, potentially contaminating objects stored within a desiccator. Sodium hydroxide and calcium sulfate evolve considerable heat as they absorb water. If a lot of water is absorbed within a short amount of time, the temperature within the desiccator may spike dramatically. In summary, for a basic home or lab desiccator, silica gel and activated charcoal may be the two best choices. Both are inexpensive and non-toxic and dont degrade upon use. Make a Desiccator This is extremely simple. Just place a small amount of one of the desiccant chemicals into a shallow dish. Enclose an open container of the item or chemical you wish to dehydrate with the container of desiccant. A large plastic bag works well for this purpose, but you could use a jar or any airtight container. The desiccant will need to be replaced after it has absorbed all of the water that it can hold. Some chemicals will liquefy when this occurs so that you will know they need to be replaced (e.g., sodium hydroxide). Otherwise, youll just need to switch out the desiccant when it starts to lose its effectiveness. How to Recharge a Desiccator Over time, desiccants become saturated with water from humid air and lose their effectiveness. They can be recharged by heating in a warm oven to drive off the water. The dry desiccant should be stored in a sealed container until use. Its best to expel all of the air out of the container, since it contains some water. Plastic bags are ideal containers because its easy to squeeze out the excess air. Sources Chai, Christina Li Lin; Armarego, W. L. F. (2003). Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-7506-7571-0.Flà ¶rke, Otto W., et al. (2008) Silica in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_583.pub3Lavan, Z.; Monnier, Jean-Baptiste; Worek, W. M. (1982). Second Law Analysis of Desiccant Cooling Systems. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 104 (3): 229–236. doi:10.1115/1.3266307Williams, D. B. G.; Lawton, M. (2010). Drying of Organic Solvents: Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Several Desiccants. The Journal of Organic Chemistry 2010, vol. 75, 8351. doi: 10.1021/jo101589h

Workplace Health Safety

Workplace Health Safety Introduction The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethical dilemmas of business in the area of workplace health and safety. In order to do so, this report concentrates on workplace environment of the United Arab Emirates, and compares the position of the workplace health and safety issues of this region with European countries, Asian countries like China, India, and Malaysia, and other GCC countries.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Workplace Health Safety specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, this paper focuses on the theoretical framework of the ethical dilemmas of the employers about workplace environment, and the activities of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Literature review on ethical dilemmas in the area of workplace health safety Workplace ethics and dilemmas Strasheim (2010) has defined workplace ethics as a corporate agenda that has required to representing constitu tional values such as human dignity. Alternatively, workplace ethics is a framework or road map for ensuring both employee and product/service efficiency. In the area of HRM,[1] ethics has reflected through the scope of equal opportunity, code of conduct, health and hygiene, both direct and fringe benefits, performance appraisal and so on. In simpler form, workplace ethics has referred appropriate compliance practice by HR department of an organization. From the viewpoint of professionalism, ethics within the workplace has assign to execute organizational behavior derived from social norms and values, awareness of moral duties, responsibilities, and sense to diversify right or wrong where trade-off between ER[2] and IR has supervised by the labor union of an organization. Any violence of ethical issues would generate ethical dilemmas during daily work life. Following are the major and common five types of workplace dilemmas that is consistent with this paper to analyze the workplace health and safety issues are as -Human resource management attributes (2) Employee health and safety concern (3) Conflicts of interest (4) Consumer’s loyalty and (5) Utilization of the corporate or business resources (Gan, 2010). Ethical dilemmas in workplace Andrews (2007) identified the ethical business dilemmas those the employees possibly will encounter at job is as and the employer have no interest to comply that the employee has the rights to avoid any pressure that forcefully adopted on him and in case of such pressure the employee would be tempted to violate conscience. Snapshot of ethical dilemmas in workplace has accounted where other than health and safety issues supplementary influences have taken place belonging towards unofficial aspects has significantly enlarged costs of the organization and in this case, most of the time more than one staff has involved magnifying company has cost burden.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let' s see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More False statement is another violence of company law as well as workplace ethics though which an organization can lose their valued consumers and hence current market position connecting the creation of fake company images has fabricated intra-official conflicts as well as long-term market loss. Therefore, employees have to be taken in mind that technically true impression of an organization could be treated as fake advertisement. The Influence to buy as well as involved into a conflict of common specified interest have greatly influenced consumers’ choice and hence company’s market image. Consequently, official ethics dilemmas have spread out like a disease during entire atmosphere of an organization. Divulging information about new product or service has raised question about the hygiene and safety of that product. From viewpoint of workplace dilemma, hiding information about harmful ness of a product has directly violent ethical act. The practice of taking unfair advantages would hamper health and safety regulations of government as well as consumers have misguided to take harmful products and arrange events outside the organization have significantly enlarged company’s social networks, but at the same time, it has a threat to increase individual decadence/corruption tendency as well as drug and alcohol incidents. Several ethical issues[3] have destroyed company reputation as well as both individual and group perpetuation while the MNCs[4] in the international market have frequently involved in ethical misconducts[5], which is another major reason to abuse company image and OHS Act 1970. To support condone immoral tasks during teamwork of an organization would create a wrong outcome during turmoil situation that balance the ethical issues and such business operation will generate ethical dilemmas. OSHA[6] profile: Entire workforce of an organization has right to get healthy working atmosphere where supervisors of the organization have to be committed on safety rationale. In order to fulfill safe working attributes OSHA has created and has a vision to ensure workplace health and safety[7]. According to OSHA, it has prohibited to force any employee to do unethical or illegitimate job. Additionally, it has also prohibited carrying out an employee in an unhealthy, unsafe, and unhygienic working place. To prevent these working dilemmas OSHA has appointed around 2100 inspectors[8] to provide necessary proactive support for both of the employer and employee. As described by OSHA, in the USA they have more than 200 support center for the business area of mining, construction sites, transportation, public organization’s employees, small and medium business organization. SST[9], LEPs[10], NEPs[11] and EEP[12] are the major device of the OSHA where diverse professionals[13] from both public and private have consult to resolve workplace dilemmas. Organizations those have frequently contravene OSH Act has lawfully treated by the EEP device. (Gan 2010)Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Workplace Health Safety specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For more clarification, fundamental issues of workplace ethics has listed in following table and antagonism of these aspects has cause of daily workplace dilemmas as well as unhealthy and unsafe working atmosphere (Baeyer, 1999). Table 2: Fundamental issues of workplace ethics Source: Baeyer (1999) OHSA[14] Act 1970 OSHA Act 1970 had introduced and administered by the United States Labor Department with the aim of assuring safe and healthy working atmosphere for the entire HR of an organization. Every employer who has occupied through trade as well as also involved in agriculture OSHA Acts can be applied. However, following are three major areas where OSHA has not been applicable and for illumination, major HR health and safety policies have included in the subsequent part. The area where the legislation may not be applied are as- self-employed or freelancers, firms constructed by the employer’s family members and workplaces protected and controlled by the Federal agencies as well as consistent with Federal constitutions, but in absent in absent of appropriate health and safety concern OSHA principles might be applied in this case (Erven Barrett, 1987). HR policies in the area of workplace health safety Role of HR policies have a significant influence on reducing workplace ethical dilemmas. Following are the most suitable facts to be behaving ethically and keep apart from erroneous functions while the salary and wages structure have to be in proportion to the duties and responsibilities of an employee.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Disciplinary offence should be enquired fairly; consequently, penalty would be fair for an employee while the employees leave for illness or disability have to enquire fairly to proper compensate the labor and his family. In case of labor dispute, an HR representative should not be call as a key witness in Court and recruitment policies have to be enquiring confidential health issues[15] of an employee for fair recruitment. Meanwhile the company has committed to appoint a medical practitioner for regular examination of intoxication during working atmosphere where an organization has to supply of pure water at proper atmosphere, sufficient number of toilets[16] and hand washing equipment during working hours. Subsequently apart from workplace intoxication HR manager should have a doctor 24/7 working hour for injured labor as well as other fitness difficulties, all of the HR tasks have to be consistent with sound commercial and labor Act and annual performance appraisal has to be exec uted (Strasheim 2010). Workplace health and safety in the United Arab Emirates Over the Middle East, UAE is one of the most developed countries and their one of chief occupational source is construction business. Considering this point, in practice construction labors of the UAE have suffered a great threat of site accidents. This part of the paper has focused on current scenario of UAE workplace health safety highlighting construction sites. Most of the UAE construction firms have tried hard and sole to undertake adequate initiatives to save their valuable life, reduce and control of accidental costs moreover, have tried to reduce time between accident and restart of the project and OSHA fines. This part has analyzed a comprehensive safety program during construction. However, the alarming news is that in most of the construction accident cases companies have ignored to keep accident records. UAE has developed their Federal Labor Law during 1980 and make efficient in practice this Law has needed several amendments. The Labor Law No.8 has clear vision during workplace health and safety; here also have regulation for the worker, code of conduct and regulation after injure, wages and salary, treatment for the women employees, leave, penalties, layoff, separation, working hours, meals, overtime framework, and relevant accessories have described. About accident during construction has analyzed (including both proactive and reactive issues) in the Section-5 of the Labor Law. More specifically, these sections have declared that employer of a construction industry has to ensure following attributes (Al-Kabbi, 2001) The employers have strictly prohibited recruiting sick labors and should concern on to protect their labors from injury as well as occupational diseases where the supply of pure drinking water and toilet utilizes in the construction site and must contain 24/7 hours fire protection equipment as well as proper ventilation[17] and lighting accessories There should have an appointed medical practitioner on fixed term basis to check up labors every six months to confirm whether they have suffered from occupational diseases where in the job alcohol drinking is strictly prohibited. This rule has ordered employees to maintain proper safety precautions before start working and a clear account of employee disability or on job death where regular inspection of duties stand on responsibilities as well as training attributes. Workplace Environment Safety Yes No Safe electrical connection 84.70% 15.30% Warning signs next to machinery 39.80% 60.2% Special attention to electrical connection 81.60% 18.40% Regular examination on cranes and other equipment 61.70% 28.30% Covering hazards with protective covers 78.30% 21.70% Workplace Environment Safety Yes No Appropriate clothes 60.40% 39.60% First aid kit provision 75.90% 24.10% Sufficient number of fire extinguisher 70.60% 27.40% Trained employees on using fire extinguishe r 62.90% 37.10% Provide and maintain PPE 57.30% 42.70% Table 1: Workplace safety and proactive equipment Source: Self generated Al-Kabbi (2001, p.52-53) Ethical issues Other than construction sector UAE has also involved in oil and petroleum supply. In doing so oil companies of UAE have required to concern on both working atmosphere and environmental aspects like air, water, and sound. Considering geographical view UAE is a creation of seven emirates from this view workplace ethical issues in UAE has required to include common community issues[18], physical[19] and environmental dynamics[20], educational capacity[21], legislation framework[22], international trade-offs[23], gap between needs and demand[24], environmental threats[25] (WHO, 2007). Ethical dilemmas in UAE HRW[26] has published a comprising report between UAE and other countries where ethical issues as well as current human rights scenario[27] of UAE have analyzed. In the area of labor issues/workplace atmosphere, recent global economic turmoil has significantly influenced UAE and here radically unpaid vacation have increased for which UAE government has harshly criticized by domestic organizations. During May 2009, HRW in UAE has focused following issues (Buttle, 2010). Firstly, UAE regulations of visa sponsorship have constrained labour movements Secondly, there have no legal provision of collective bargaining and that limitation has impeded the labor right to strike during injustice Thirdly, in case of worker/employee recruitment, there have no legal boundaries for the recruitment agencies and hence they have unlawfully charged fees from the employees and enjoyed criminally advantages fully in absent of law. Finally, another criticizing factor of the government is that they have scope to take legal application to punish labors to strike against employers. Whilst this report has published, Government of the UAE has faced extreme disappointment as well as criticism. However, consequence of t his UAE government has not yet either urged apology or taken adequate legal initiatives to prevent these dilemmas. Moreover, the UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs has denoted this report as unbalanced and factually untrue. Additionally, this report has claimed that violation human right in UAE was not occurred through 2009, but it has happening for the last several years. In response to the report, UAE government has claimed that HRW have denied to endorsing minor and disable people inconsistent with the UN protocol where three new Federal HRW institutes[28] have proposed to launch in Dubai in order to make shelter for helpless women as well as children. Inn accordance with the UAE Federal provision, HRW has argued that this initiative has diffidently noble, but there have no clear direction about employee wages and salary scheme. There abundant scope for the migrant labor/employees in UAE and recent report by the HRW has significantly weakened UAE’s labour market globally thou gh high profile Federal initiatives. Finally, HRW has kept question on the transparency and accountability of UAE government. Considering all of these facts, overall response of UAE government was quite upsetting since they have left a careless speech as nothing could be absolute perfect and that might be a county’s workplace ethical issues profile†¦! Comparison of ethical dilemmas in workplace between UAE GCC Countries After learning about the current workplace ethical circumstances in UAE this part has presented a comparative, scrutinize on GCC[29]. Before a brief account of ethical issues about workplace health and safety, it is necessary to introduce GCC background. During 1981, in Saudi Arabia GCC was formed together with six members[30] to strengthen economical resources[31] of the Arabian countries in Middle East. GCC workplace health and safety scenario Common attributes of the GCC have sequentially pointed below- Firstly, all of the GCC members have adequate wo rkplace rules, regulation, and legislation in accordance with OSHA Act 1970. Among these, a number of Laws have illustrated briefly as well as have clear direction during practice and few have not. However, the similarity of the legislation procedure among GCC members is that there has sufficient scope to amendment to reach a merged form. Secondly, during trial of any immoral fact, amendment/review of the available legislation of OHS has required greater compliance. Moreover, it has enough tough for the legislation authority to proper solution and reach in the right conclusion. This circumstance has mostly faced in Kuwait among other GCC countries; Thirdly, during obligatory application of the current labor Act, it has still confused that to what extent the labor market of the GCC members would be benefited for any injury as well as injustice. Additionally, there has not also clear direction on labor injury, leave, and health benefits scheme. Finally, Common limitations of the GCC m embers have a tendency hamper to facilitate OHS benefits to the injured labors at root to upper level of an origination Consequence of the above scenario in GCC members, they have major legislation obstacles inconsistent with OHS, such as, GCC members have insufficient resources to enable legislation affairs towards the common labors, surprisingly scarcity of moral standards/principles, scarcity of expertise lawyers to handle labor injury cases, and poor coordination between injurer and employers. Labors have not yet enough concern on their individual rights at all types of organization, poor government initiatives to develop workforce, uneducated person, lack of coordination along with absent of accountability on OSH, restriction on reporting on job injury, occupational diseases as well as morality standards, imperfect policies are the main problems in this region. GCC OHS committee and evaluation forces At the first week of April 2008, GCC members have arranged a meeting in Kuwait to construct proper solution to resolve occupational accident and better workplace aids. Consequence of this meeting following are the two OHS evaluation factors. Firstly, members of the GCC individually should have a specific legislation solution during occupational accidents as well as labor health and safety. Secondly, regular inspection and performance evaluation has also been actively executed to be continued workplace ethical attributes, health, and safety. Additionally, should have scope of regular amendment. Figure 1: Proposed GCC occupational health services Source: Al-Shatti (2008, p.33) Compare the position between UAE Western Countries Workplace atmosphere in Western countries Study of the comparative workplace atmosphere between UAE and western countries[32] have evaluated several significant fundamental diverse attributes[33] in the area of workplace health and safety. Western countries have primarily focused on competitive employment. Under this comparison, western countries have a clear illustrated outline on workers mental health and it has obligatory to define various attributes of workplace mental health issues. However, there have significant differences among five countries labor market structure as well as labor market needs and demand during occupation. For example, due to global economic downturn both the UK and the USA has suffered from high unemployment ratio though over the Europe unemployment is a crucial dilemma. On the other hand, during occupation labor union structure has also primary difference among these five countries. Common factor of the five western countries have focused that over the past decade workplace mental diseases/stress has severely increased because of open global economy, tight competitive market, threat of recession and increasing living costs. Other than Germany and Finland, rest of three countries workplace health problem have recently reached at alarming stage and it has around 20%. In addition, 50%-emp loyed people of Finland have now suffered occupational diseases[34]. To overcome such dilemma, Poland and Germany have begun to study on identifying workplace dilemmas as well as reduce unemployment ratios. Currently, the UK and the USA have also under processed to examine workplace health and safety dilemmas. In this inspection, it has appraised that 40% US employees have suffered from workplace health and safety dilemmas. Finally, common scenario of these five countries have focused that most of their occupational diseases have generated by extreme workload and stress (Gabriel and Liimatainen, 2000). The Health Safety Act 2008 (UK) The new Act of workplace health and safety has an amendment form of HSWA Act 1974[35], where provisions of penalty and trial modes have revised for the primary stage of HSW and applicable only in the UK[36]. This Act has also included common people who have under threat of workplace accidents. Establishment of this Act has enlarged the scopes to resolve and reduce occupational health, safety, and diseases. Application of the Act 2008 during construction accident should require following Construction Regulations 2007 including design and management. There have three major impact of the Act 2008 those have illustrated in below (Ashurst London, 2009). According to the Act 2008, privileges of the court has included maximum two years prison for most common OHS accidents, but before amendment custodial sentence was applicable only for the serious occupational accidents. Current amendment of the HSW Act has enlarged authoritative power of the Crown as well as Magistrates Courts through compel higher fine along with custodial sentences at the end of trial for serious occupational accidents as well as most common occupational accidents. Whilst employers deny/disobey HSWA legislation, the Magistrates Courts has the authoritative power to impose maximum fine  £(5,000-20,000); As stead by the HSWA 2008 (Section-33), occurrence of diverse fo rm of offences over the UK has obligatory, to face current amended trials, and at the end activist of the offence should punish through maximum penalties in the course of either custodial sentences or fines or both. Compare the workplace environment between the UAE Asian Countries Business Ethics- Perspective of China A significant percentage of labor force of China involved with mining and minerals industry as the prime mineral resources of China is coal and iron ore, which are adequate for meeting the demand of industrial mineral. Other than these, China is the world’s fifth largest gold producer, and it has abundant resources of energy and 934.2 million tons of oil had produced by China. Considering food crisis and large population, Chinese government concentrates more on agricultural production and 46.9% of total national workforce involve in agriculture, (include forestry and fishing). However, the ethical dilemmas for business in the area of workplace health and safet y is one of the most important factors for the employees of the Chinese coal mining industry as the employers of this sector always violate the administrative rules and regulations. In addition, the employers infringe the rule of safety, but the labor has to suffer injury for their activities, the burden of proof injury is on the worker, as a result, employers become more irresponsible though they owe duty health and safety of labor and ordinary staff bare unlimited hazard to get compensation while they injured or any accident occurred. This dilemma also exist in other industrial sector in China, as a result, protection at the workplace turn into an important concern to the citizens of China, as the researchers identified that each week an average of two employees die in industrial accidents and unfortunately over 200 labors lose a limb in southern China. In 2004, there were more than 16, 497 fatalities at the workplace among them 24.8% employees worked in coal-industry, which indic ates that China has experienced huge financial growth by depending on the low cost labor force, but China failed to provide adequate protection of the employees though the workplace safety issues get importance only on theoretical perspective. Employees of Malaysian Industry The position of the workers of Malaysian Industry is much better, as OSH[37] reported that the rights of employees has protected by the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, which was passed due to development of public consciousness or awareness about workplace safety issues. However, OHS has collected data from 304 companies of different sectors and pointed out that Malaysian labors still suffer some familiar workplace health troubles like silicosis and pesticide poisoning, job linked upper limb disorders because of assembly line labor, unexpected deaths among immigrant employees, and some other mental strain. According to the report of Rahim, Abdullah, and Mahat (2010), OSH identified that more than 94.5% of the companies disclosed workplace safety information, 42% companies have control on industrial accidents, and 15.6% companies do not adopt safety standards. The Ethical Dilemmas in Workplace- Perspective of India It is interesting that India has been incorporated occupational safety and health laws for fifty years, but the government has failed to implement the objective of this law due to lack of officials and number of other barriers, for instance, there are only 1400 safety officials, about 1154 factory inspectors, and only 27 medical inspectors to cover entire India. Pandita (2010, p.1) reported that there are more than twenty six million workers who work in the industrial sector with completely no safeguards, as a result, they suffered lungs problem for silica dust, poverty epitomizes, and so on. He further addressed that the affected or injured workers know they can die any time, but they have no alternative option of livelihood though the constitution of India protected th e employees who involved in hazardous occupations by safety rules. From the above discussion, it can be said that the employees of UAE get more facilities than Indian employees get, as India has regulation, but have no practical implementation that particular law, so accidents become a regular consequence as the employers have no accountability and employees have no security in workplace. Recommendation Ethics in business is required as there is abundance of evidences of unethical corporate practices in the area of workplace health safety all over the world including the UAE; therefore, this paper would recommend some suggestions to solve these dilemmas, such as, the government should pass effective health and safety legislation especially for mining, metals, and energy sectors. However, the employers of the UAE should implement these laws in the workplace to ensure health and safely of employees, and more research on this sector would help the government to find out proper solutio n for resolving ethical dilemmas. Conclusion During this concluding phase, overall analysis of the paper has evaluated that globally, ethical dilemmas and workplace health and safety has now a considerable issue. In case of UAE, they have adequate Labor Laws, but lack of awareness due to poor educational attributes labor market of UAE have not yet enjoy proper benefits of their workplace legislation. On the other side, the western countries have under course of regular amendment of their labor and workplace legislation. However, their workplace dilemmas have mostly generated from competitive atmosphere along with severe workload and stress. Scenario of the GCC has almost similar to the UAE and have several common obstacles and complexity. At this concluding part, it has to be included that MNCs have consciously violated workplace ethics in third world countries to design high profit margin. Continuous development and proper inspection of workplace legislation would have improved cur rent dilemmas in UAE as well as GCC members. Reference List Al-Kabbi, N. S. (2001). Improving Safety Performance in Construction Site Operations in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/AlKaabi%20Noura.pdf?osu1170790080 Al-Shatti, A. K. (2008). GCC Healthy Workplace initiatives. Retrieved from http://gis.emro.who.int/HealthSystemObservatory/Workshops/QatarConference/PPt%20converted%20to%20PDF/Day%203/PHC%20Emerging%20Priorities/Dr%20Ahmed%20Al%20Shatti%20-%20Healthy%20workplace%20intiatives.pdf Ashurst London (2009). Workplace health and safety: new law gets tough on offenders. Retrieved from ashurst.com/doc.aspx?id_Content=4157 Baeyer, C. V. (1999). What’s Workplace Ethics? Retrieved from workplaceethics.ca/work.html Andrews, W. A. (2007). Identifying, Resolving, And Managing Common Ethical Dilemmas In The Workplace: An Experiential Approach. Retrieved from http://sbaweb.wayne.edu/~absel/bkl/vol27/27ao.pdf Buttle, M. (2010). Human Righ ts Watch targets Human Rights in the UAE. Retrieved from impacttlimited.com/2010/02/01/human-rights-watch-targets-human-rights-in-the-uae/ Erven, B. L. Barrett, E. E. (1987). The Occupational Safety and Health Act Of 1970. Retrieved from http://aede.osu.edu/resources/docs/pdf/9828c8e3-735e-469e-b2d53911364864b6.pdf Gabriel, P. Liimatainen M. R. (2000). Mental health in the workplace. International Labour Organization. Retrieved from ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/dgreports/dcomm/documents/publication/dwcms_080618.pdf Gan, J. (2010). Ethical Dilemma 2 Employee Safety Issues. Retrieved from succezz.com/Articles/business-ethics-dilemma2.html Pandita, S. (2010) Status of occupational safety and health in India. Retrieved from http://infochangeindia.org/Agenda/Occupational-safety-and-health/Status-of-occupational-safety-and-health-in-India.html Rahim, A. Abdullah, Z. Mahat, Z. (2010) A Study of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Occupational Safety and Health in Malaysia. Retrieve d from scribd.com/doc/22109381/A-Study-of-Corporate-Social-Reporting-CSR-on-Occupational-Safety-and-Health-in-Malaysia Strasheim, P. (2010). HR, ethics, compliance risks fair labor practices: ethical dilemmas, an ethical safety algorithm and recommendations for a way forward. Retrieved from workinfo.com/free/downloads/169.htm WHO (2007). National Strategy for Environment and Health United Arab Emirates (UAE). Retrieved from sph.unc.edu/images/stories/units/uae/documents/uae_rfp.pdf Footnotes Human Resource Management Employee Relations Sexual harassment, verbal lashing or public humiliation Multi-National Companies Anti-social culture acts, child labor appointment, demeaning work environments or excessive working hours Occupational Safety and Health Administration Setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach, and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging continual improvement complaint discrimination investigators, engineers, physicians, educators, sta ndards writers, and other technical and personnel support Site Specific Targeting Local Emphasis Programs National Emphasis Programs Enhanced Enforcement Program Occupational safety and health professionals, the academic community, lawyers, journalists, and personnel of other government entities Occupational Health and Safety Administration HIV/AIDS Separate for male and female Free from harmful air and gases Age, sex, occupation, educational status, socioeconomic status, cultural characteristics, living standards, lifestyle, services available, number of cars owned Type and number of industries, location of industries, road network, physical terrain, plantations Awareness level in the government agencies/departments, public, NGOs, media, schools Universities, research centers, agencies, departments, ministries, organizations, clubs Laws, standards, rules and regulations, policies treaties and protocols Human resources, technical capabilities and capacities, environmental burden of disease estimates, environmental risk assessment and management Risks related to air pollution (indoors and ambient); water resources, and quality; wastes (solid, hazardous, healthcare etc); rodents; radiation hazards; chemicals; recreational and marine water pollution; food quality safety; built environment including housing quality Human Rights Watch Press freedom, human trafficking, the rights of detained persons and torture The Human Rights Department (Ministry of Interior), Dubai Community Development Authority and a permanent taskforce of specialists to tackle human trafficking in Dubai Gulf Cooperation Council/Gulf Countries Council Bahrain, Kuwait, Quatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates Agriculture, industry, investment, security and trade Finland, Germany, Poland, UK, and USA Legislative, political, social and economic Stress related symptoms, such as anxiety, depressive feelings, physical pain, social exclusion and sleep disorders Health and Safety at Wo rk England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Occupational Safety and Health

IT601-0903B-07 Information Technology in Business Management - Phase 3 Essay

IT601-0903B-07 Information Technology in Business Management - Phase 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example For the wholesale customers, it would be most beneficial to use the extranet to help improve the relations. FYC can provide complete access of the extranet to the customers and allow for online account management and allow for updating the requirements online. The customers should also be provided with details of the inventory levels and the company requires implementing a system where if the level of inventory falls below the safety level, automatic orders are placed with FYC (Kennedy & Dysart, 2007). The company should also allow each store to log into the system and share their details of the existing stocks, the trend of sales, exchange documents and make comments. This can be referred to as a ‘Store Extranet’. Numerous companies usually utilise the intranet however they do not make complete utilisation of the intranet and this is mainly due to the reason that it does not work in sync with the objectives of the company (Kennedy & Dysart, 2007). The company can utilise the extranet and intranet for various purposes which include: b) Production Teams: The utilisation of high levels of Information technology will allow the production teams to be easily connected to the suppliers. This will help the company reduce the inventory carrying costs and the intranet will also permit the communication to be much quicker to the other teams like the sales, especially for the sales forecasts. c) Sourcing and Supply Chain Departments: The Extranet will permit higher volumes of data to be communicated regarding the raw materials requirements direct to the suppliers. This will help improving the procurement process. Also the extranet allows for better communication plans to the suppliers and also timely deliveries of all supplies. d) Human Resources Team / Finance Departments: The HR teams for each store need to be linked with Thomas. The intranet will allow for centralised recruitment and training and will act as a measure for the human resources teams. This

Is the MPAA Rating System Fair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is the MPAA Rating System Fair - Essay Example rating system should not be ruled out, it would be appropriate to follow a fair open system rather than conforming to the outdated societal norms and beliefs. Unless and otherwise a renovation is made to the system, the whole thing seems to be of no worth to the film industry and its audience. Tracking back to the history of MPAA; in 1930, they crested the ‘Hays Code’ holding just two categories, ‘acceptable’ and ‘unacceptable’, which were later overhauled by the current 5-rating system in 1968, comprising of G, PG, PG-13, R, and NC-17 ratings. â€Å"For almost 40 years the US film industry was governed by the Motion Picture Production Code, which banned nudity, drug use, religious ridicule, disrespect for the law and other depictions in film that would have the effect of lowering society’s moral standards.† (Fieser, 2011). The system’s ultimate goal was to defend the artistic freedom of the filmmakers, at the same time, fulfilling the parent’s need to determine the film’s appropriateness for their children. Recently, there have been claims that the MPAA is not fair and is too conservative in its ratings. It is also criticized of being arbitrary in its rating decisions, consequently affecting numerous filmmakers with its random sexually-obsessed and biased judgments. This issue is well-portrayed in This Film Is Not Yet Rated, as it exposes the reasons and rules of ratings behind the mysterious organization, its membership and its bias in rating the films. To top of that, the film also uncovers the entity’s secrecy, its specific functioning and its rules. According to the film, the board does not have any specific members or guidelines but adheres to the so-called norms of an outdated system, which has turned out to be a mess. The entire concept of MPAA seems to be absurd in many cases. Normally, the NC-17 rating is regarded to have explicit sexual content, regardless of the scale of violence portrayed. What makes the issue harsher is that